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Given below are two statements :  Statement I : According to Classical Indian Logic the fallacies (hetva̅bhasa) are not errors of inference, but rather hindrances to inference.  Statement II : A fallacy is really a "seeming reason or mark" (hetva̅bhasa), which, if recognized, would prevent the inferential cognition from arising.  In the light of the above statements, Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :  Statement I : According to Classical Indian Logic the fallacies (hetva̅bhasa) are not errors of inference, but rather hindrances to inference.  Statement II : A fallacy is really a "seeming reason or mark" (hetva̅bhasa), which, if recognized, would prevent the inferential cognition from arising.  In the light of the above statements, Choose the correct answer from the options given below : Correct Answer Both Statement I and Statement II are true. 

Corresponding to the minor, major, and middle terms of the syllogism, inference in Indian logic contains three terms, namely, Paksa, Sadhya, and Hetu. While the Paksa is the subject, the Sadhya is the object of inference.

Key Points Statement I: According to Classical Indian Logic, the fallacies (hetva̅bhasa) are not errors of inference, but rather hindrances to inference. 

  • In Indian logic, a fallacy is technically called hetvabhasa, a word that means hetu or reason that appears as a valid reason but is not.
  • Since the fallacies of inference are due to such fallacious reasons, the Naiyayikas consider these only as ones that may infect the constituent propositions of the syllogism.

​Hence statement I is correct.

Statement II: A fallacy is really a "seeming reason or mark" (hetva̅bhasa), which, if recognized, would prevent the inferential cognition from arising.

  • Inferences are ubiquitous in social cognition, governing everything from first impressions to the communication of meaning itself.
  • Social cognitive inferences are typically varieties of diagnostic reasoning or, more properly, “abductive” reasoning, in which people infer simple but plausible—although not deductively certain—underlying causes for observable social behaviors.

​Hence statement Ii is correct. 

Therefore both Statement I and Statement II are true. 

Related Questions

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