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Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A : According to Naiya̅yikas, the fallacy of Savyabhica̅ra occurs when the middle term leads to different opposite conclusions. Reason R : When the middle term is irregular, it is distributively not related to the major term. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A : According to Naiya̅yikas, the fallacy of Savyabhica̅ra occurs when the middle term leads to different opposite conclusions. Reason R : When the middle term is irregular, it is distributively not related to the major term. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below Correct Answer Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Key Points

Assertion A: According to Naiya̅yikas, the fallacy of Savyabhica̅ra occurs when the middle term leads to different opposite conclusions.

Fallacy of Savyabhica̅ra

  • According to the Nyāya system of religious philosophy, there are five kinds of hetvābhāsas which mean invalid reasonings. of which the first is savyabhicāra.
  • Savyabhicāra literally means ‘irregular middle’.
  • Here the middle term of the syllogism is irregular.
  • Fallacies occur when there is inconsistency in the minor, middle, and major terms.
  • The non-logical reasoning results in erroneous conclusions and fallacies.
  • It is the first kind of inferential fallacy.
  • Here one is led to no one single conclusion, but to different opposite conclusions.
  • This is the fallacy of irregular hetu. This fallacy arises when the middle term violates its second condition. 

Hence Assertion A is correct.

Reason R: When the middle term is irregular, it is distributively not related to the major term.

  • Savyabhicāra is the fallacy of irregular middle term.
  • When A middle term is not uniformly but irregularly related to the major term. It is a defective hetu.
  • To illustrate it can be denoted as follows:
    • All bipeds are rational.
    • Swans are bipeds.
    • Hence swans are rational.
  • The Middle term is the one that appears in both premises. Here it is "Biped".
  • The predicate of the conclusion is called the major term here it is rational.
  • Since the middle term ‘biped’ is not uniformly related to the major term ‘rational,’ the conclusion is inferred to be not correct

Hence Reason R is correct.

Therefore we conclude that Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Related Questions

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