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Given below are two statements: Statement I: Naiya̅yikas define upa̅dhi (conditionality) as the necessary relation of something only with the major term but not with the middle term. Statement II: According to Naiya̅yikas wherever the major term is only conditionally true, it is invalid and the conclusion drawn from it cannot be valid. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements: Statement I: Naiya̅yikas define upa̅dhi (conditionality) as the necessary relation of something only with the major term but not with the middle term. Statement II: According to Naiya̅yikas wherever the major term is only conditionally true, it is invalid and the conclusion drawn from it cannot be valid. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: Correct Answer Both Statement I and Statement II are true

The word “Nyaya” popularly signifies “right” or “Justice”. The Nyaya-Shastra is therefore the science of right judgment or true reasoning. People who study Nyaya Shastras are called Naiyayikas.

Key PointsStatement I: Naiya̅yikas define upa̅dhi (conditionality) as the necessary relation of something only with the major term but not with the middle term.

A major term is a term in a syllogism that is the predicate of the conclusion.

  • In logic, a middle term is a term that appears (as a subject or predicate of a categorical proposition) in both premises but not in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism.
  • In Nyaya Shastra, Upadhi is the condition that accompanies the major term.
  • Upadhi is the necessary relation of something only with the major term but not with the middle term.

So, we can say that statement I is correct.

Statement II: According to Naiya̅yikas wherever the major term is only conditionally true, it is invalid and the conclusion drawn from it cannot be valid.

  • A conditional is considered true when the antecedent and consequent are both true or if the antecedent is false.
  • Wherever the major term is only conditionally true, it is invalid and the conclusion drawn from it cannot be valid.

So, we can say that statement II is also true.

Therefore we can conclude that both Statements I and II are true.

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