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Given below are two statements : Statement I : The works in Nyāya-Sāstra discuss the aggregate causal conditions and the process involved in inferential cognition.  Statement II : The works in Nyāya-Sāstra do not however dwell upon analysis of the factors that help to assess and decide the formal validity of a judgement. In the light of the above statements, Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements : Statement I : The works in Nyāya-Sāstra discuss the aggregate causal conditions and the process involved in inferential cognition.  Statement II : The works in Nyāya-Sāstra do not however dwell upon analysis of the factors that help to assess and decide the formal validity of a judgement. In the light of the above statements, Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Correct Answer <span style="">Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.</span>

Nyāya-Sāstra is one of the prominent schools of philosophy established by Gotama. 

Key Points

Statement I: The works in Nyāya-Sāstra discuss the aggregate causal conditions and the process involved in inferential cognition. 

Nyāya is an Arabic word that implies right thinking with appropriate reasons and legitimate reasoning. 

  • Nyāya-Sāstra is referred to as tarkashāstra (the science of reasoning), pramānashāstra (the science of logic and epistemology); hetuvidyā (the science of causes); vādavidyā (the science of debate); and anviksiki (the science of critical study). 
  • The cause theory is an important part of  Nyāya-Sāstra. 
  • For  Nyāya-Sāstra all four Pramanas, perception, inference, verbal testimony, and comparison are valid forms of knowledge. 
So, Statement I is correct. 
Statement II: The works in Nyāya-Sāstra do not however dwell upon analysis of the factors that help to assess and decide the formal validity of a judgment.

A five-membered syllogism with the following construction is also supported by Gautama: 

  • This hill is fiery (pratijna: a statement of that which is to be proved).
  • Because it is smoky (hetu: statement of reason).
  • Whatever is smoky is fiery, as is a kitchen (udaharana: statement of a general rule supported by an example).
  • So is this hill (upanaya: application of the rule of this case).
  • Therefore, this hill is fiery (nigamana: drawing the conclusion).
  • The characteristic feature of the Nyaya syllogism is its insistence on the example which suggests that the Nyaya logician wanted to be assured not only of formal validity but also of material truth. 

Thus, Statement II is incorrect.

Therefore, Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

Related Questions

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