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In which of the following research methods, an empirico-inductive paradigm is employed? A) Ethnographic Probe B) Case study method C) Ex post facto method D) Narrative method E) Experimental method Select your answer from the options given below:

In which of the following research methods, an empirico-inductive paradigm is employed? A) Ethnographic Probe B) Case study method C) Ex post facto method D) Narrative method E) Experimental method Select your answer from the options given below: Correct Answer A, B and D

Research is a systematic inquiry towards understanding a complex social phenomenon or a process. Based on the research problem, the selection of research methods by the researcher may vary.

Inductive Approach of Research Deductive Approach of Research
  • Specific to General.
  • It is aimed at the generation of new theories emerging from the specific data.
  • It is generally associated with qualitative research.
  • It will use research problem to narrow the scope of the study, to reach to a broader perspective.
  • It is usually focused on exploring new phenomena which will lead to the generation of new theories.
  • General to Specific
  • It is aimed at testing theory.
  • It begins with formulating a hypothesis, the emphasis is generally on quantitative research.
  • It begins with formulating a hypothesis.
  • It is generally associated with Causality.

Ethnographic method

  • The process of studying and describing a culture.
  • It is qualitative research.
  • It provides an insider's picture of a community under study.
  • The researcher can go and live in a specific community where the research is going to conduct and study the culture and their educational practices.

Case study method

  • A case study is a deep, detailed and intensive study of a social unit;
  • It is a method of qualitative research;
  • It preserves wholeness of the units i.e. it is an approach that views any social unit as a whole.
  • It helps to collect detailed information about the unit of study and gives clues to new ideas and further research.
  • As a tool of analysis, it helps to ascertain a number and variety of traits, qualities, and habits confined to a particular instance.
  • Case Study method shows the way to deepen our perception and sharpen insights to understand biographies.
Ex post-Facto Method           
  • An ex-post-facto the researcher attempts to trace an effect that has already occurred to its probable causes. 
  • The researcher has no direct control over the independent variable because it has occurred much prior to producing its effects.

Narrative research 

  • It is an approach to review the literature.
  • It is qualitative research.
  • Sometimes, it is contrasted with a systematic review.
  • It tends to be less focused than a systematic review and seeks to arrive at a critical interpretation of the literature that it covers.

Experimental method

  • It is designed for establishing causal relationships between two or more variables.
  • In this method, an independent variable is manipulated.
  • All other variables except the independent variable are held constant.
  • The effect of the manipulation of the independent variable on the dependent variable is observed.

Hence, Ethnographic Probe, Case study method, and Narrative method are methods, an empirico-inductive paradigm is employed.

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In an experimental study of the effects of a new drug on depression a double-blind control technique is used, which of the following persons should not be informed as to which drug, experimental or placebo is being administered to each individual research participant?
1. Research participants in the experimental group.
2. Research participants in the control group.
3. Persons administering the drug.
4. Persons evaluating the drug effect.
Select the correct answer: