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Logical Reasoning | Indian Logic

Means of Knowledge
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A: According to the Nyãya system, when one observes smoke at a particular locus, one could infer that the same locus has the presence of fire too. Reason R: Fire causes smoke, and is always accompanied by smoke. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
Given below are two statements: Statement I: Keval vyatireki from of inference is that when the middle term is the differentium of the minor term. Statement II: Kevalanvayi form of inference is that when the middle term is both positively and negatively related to the major term. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
In the Nyāya system, what is an inference called when it is based in its middle term being only positively related to the major term?
Given below are two statements: Statement I: Naiya̅yikas define upa̅dhi (conditionality) as the necessary relation of something only with the major term but not with the middle term. Statement II: According to Naiya̅yikas wherever the major term is only conditionally true, it is invalid and the conclusion drawn from it cannot be valid. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
According to Naiya̅yikas we ascertain the relation of universal concomitance between x and y :  (A) We can determine the relation only if we can determine the relation of essential identity between x and y   (B) By perceiving that in all cases the presence of x is accompanied by the presence of y  (C) We can determine the relation only if we can determine the relation of cause and effect between x and y  (D) By not perceiving any instance where the presence of x is not accompanied by the presence of y or vice-versa.  Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 
Given below are two statements : Statement I : The works in Nyāya-Sāstra discuss the aggregate causal conditions and the process involved in inferential cognition.  Statement II : The works in Nyāya-Sāstra do not however dwell upon analysis of the factors that help to assess and decide the formal validity of a judgement. In the light of the above statements, Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
What is the correct sequence of steps in case of inference according to Indian Logic? (A) Statement of similarity/applicability of the example to case in consideration (upanaya) (B) Statement of Reason (hetu) (C) Affirmation of the thesis as proved (nigmana) (D) Statement of thesis (Pratijna) (E) Giving an example of the underlying rule (udaharana) Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
According to classical Indian school of logic, what is the correct sequence of steps involved in Anumana (inference)?
All animals with such and such features are either bisons or buffalos. This animal has those features and it is not a bison. Therefore it is a buffalo. According to Nyāya school this argument exemplifies which one of the following pramāṇas (instrument of knowledge)?
Which of the following schools of Classical Indian Philosophy reduce Sabda pramãna (verbal authority) to inference? (A) Nayaya (B) Vaisesikas (C) Buddhists (D) Mimamsa (E) Carvaka/Lokayata Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following Indian thought systems holds that universal relation in case of inference (anumana) cannot be determined because there is always room for doubt about the unobserved cases?
The statement's sense organ that perceives a property also perceives the "propertyness" as well as the absence of that property' can be attributed to which of the following schools of classical Indian Philosophy?
The Philosophical system which postulates that, ‘Everything in reality stems from ‘Purusha’ and ‘Prakriti”?
Which of the following systems of Indian Philosophy are antithetical to the Vedas? (A) Purva Mimasa (B) Uttar Mimasa (C) Buddhism (D) Jainism (E) Charvaks Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The inherent cause (Samavayi) of Indian Philosophy corresponds to which of the causes given by Aristotle?
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