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Which of the following Indian thought systems holds that universal relation in case of inference (anumana) cannot be determined because there is always room for doubt about the unobserved cases?

Which of the following Indian thought systems holds that universal relation in case of inference (anumana) cannot be determined because there is always room for doubt about the unobserved cases? Correct Answer Lokayala

Lokayala thought systems hold that universal relation in case of inference (anumana) cannot be determined because there is always room for doubt about the unobserved cases.

Key Points 

  • A materialistic school of philosophers in India opposed Hinduism by regarding only matter as real, sense data as the only source of knowledge, and the gratification of the appetites as the only good.
  • In its most generic sense, “Indian Materialism” refers to the school of thought within Indian philosophy that rejects supernaturalism. 
  • It is regarded as the most radical of the Indian philosophical systems. 
  • It rejects the existence of otherworldly entities such as an immaterial soul or god and the after-life.  Its primary philosophical import comes by way of a scientific and naturalistic approach to metaphysics. 
  • Thus, it rejects ethical systems that are grounded in super naturalistic cosmologies. 

Additional Information

  • Naiyayikas: The Naiyayikas (the Nyaya scholars) accepted four valid means (pramaṇa) of obtaining valid knowledge (pramana) - perception (pratyakṣa), inference (anumāna), comparison (upamāna) and word/testimony of reliable sources (śabda).
  • Mimamsa: Mimamsa, (Sanskrit: “Reflection” or “Critical Investigation”) is one of the six systems (darshans) of Indian philosophy. 
  • Buddhists: Buddhists believe that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labour, and good behaviour are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.

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