1. Language plays a very important role in cognitive development of children.
  2. Children learn by actively acting upon their environment.
  3. Children think in ways that are qualitatively different from that of adults
  4. Children have an inborn desire to make sense of the world
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1 Answers

Option 1 : Language plays a very important role in cognitive development of children.

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, has made a systematic study of cognitive development in his theory that is categorized into four stages. 

  • He observed his children and their process of making sense of the world around them and developed a model of how the mind processes new information encountered.

Piaget considered that cognitive development is independent of language and thought determines language.​

  • According to Piaget, thought emerges first, and; language becomes the intermediary providing the means by which later concepts and conceptual thinking are furthered.
  • He emphasizes that "Thought not only determines language but also precedes it".
  • According to him, language and cognitive development doesn't base on social interaction. Although Vygotsky explains as language and thought can be developed much by social interaction.

Hence this is a critique of Piaget on language development but it is considered as language and thought are developed by direct interaction with society.

Hint According to Vygotsky:

  • Language is essential for cognitive development.
  • Language plays a powerful role in shaping individuals' thoughts.
  • By acquiring; language, a child modifies its higher mental functions.
  • In the initial stage, thought & language are independent but merge at around two years of age.

Stages Chan​ges
Sensory-motor stage 
  • Senses are teachers
  • Reflex actions
  • Intimate Behavior
pre-operational stage 
  • Language development
  • Irreversibility
  • Egocentrism
  • Animism
Concrete operational stage
  • Logic begins
  • Reversibility
  • Classification
  • Conservation
Formal Operational stage
  • Hypothetical-deductive thinking
  • Divergent/Convergent thinking.
  • Creative Thinking.
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