Which of the following is a critique of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

Question

Which of the following is a critique of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

Stages in Kohlberg’s theory are well defined and distinct.
Kohlberg’s approach to moral reasoning underestimates the moral maturity of females.
Stages in Kohlberg’s theory draw upon the characteristics used by Piaget to describe the sequence of cognitive development.
Kohlberg did a longitudinal study with his participants where he interviewed them at three to four year interval.

LohaHridoy

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2025-01-04 04:42

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AhmedNazir · Accepted Answer · 2022-09-04T04:29:57+06:00

Option 2 : Kohlberg’s approach to moral reasoning underestimates the moral maturity of females.

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development. He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages.

Carol Gilligan was one of Kohlberg's research assistants. She believed that Kohlberg's theory was inherently biased against women. Gilligan suggests that the biggest reason that there is a gender bias in Kohlberg's theory is that males tend to focus on logic and rules.

Gilligan felt that women went through the same three stages (Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post Conventional) of development developed by Kohlberg, but that women reasoned differently than men on moral issues due to having different perspectives on moral issues.

According to Gilligan, Kohlberg has based his study primarily on a male sample and underestimates the moral reasoning of the females.
Gilligan’s work on moral development focuses on how women’s morality is influenced by social interactions and relationships.
She emphasizes that women's ways of thinking are often undervalued compared to men.
Hence by all these references, we can say that the moral reasoning of the girls is underestimated in Kohlberg's moral development theory.

Three levels of moral development by Kohlberg are Pre- Conventional, Conventional, Post conventional.

Pre- Conventional Level: At this level, the child is not responsive to cultural rules and labels of good and bad, right or wrong but interprets these labels in terms of physical or hedonistic consequences of actions or in terms of physical powers of those who communicate the rules and labels. This level is further sub-divided into two stages.
Conventional Level: At this level maintaining the expectations of the individual, family, group, or nation is perceived as of value in its own right regardless of the immediate and obvious consequences. The attitude is not only of personal expectations and social order but of loyalty to it of actively maintaining, supporting, and justifying the order, and identifying oneself with persons or groups involved in it.
Post conventional level: At this level, there is a clear effort to define moral values and principles that have validity and application apart from the authority of the groups or persons.