1 Answers
Option 3 : continuity / discontinuity
Cognitive development involves areas such as problem-solving, moral understanding, and conceptual understanding; language acquisition; social, personality, and emotional development, and self-concept and identity formation. The risk factors and interventions influencing cognitive development in children can be divided into three domains: nutrition, environment, and maternal-child interactions.
Jean Piaget studied cognitive development among children of different age groups in different developmental stages, According to Piaget, development is based on Physical environment and Biological abilities, he ignores social Aspects. he categorized it into different developmental stages. These stages are-
- Sensory-motor stage (0 to 2 years)
- Pre-operational stage (2 to 6 years)
- Concrete operational stage (6 to 11 years)
- Formal Operational stage (11+ years to adolescence).
Jean Piaget’s theory is critiqued for proposing four stages of cognitive development. It falls under the continuity/discontinuity debate of child development.
- The discontinuity approach considers development as occurring in distinct and abrupt changes, with an emphasis on qualitative experiences that are different at each stage.
- "Discontinuity" in the developmental process refers to new ways of understanding the world that emerge during the process of development.
- The discontinuity approach gives rise to “stage theories”, where development is illustrated with a metaphor of "climbing the stairs", with each step signifying an advanced way of functioning than the previous step.
- And Jean Piaget considers that development is continuous and attained step by step, that's why this type of critique comes.
- Hence we can say that Jean Piaget’s theory is critiqued for proposing four stages of cognitive development. Which debate of child development does this fall under continuity / discontinuity.
Hint
- Inclusion: Inclusion entails remodeling and enriching the general education system, making it more comprehensive, supportive, and responsive to the needs of all children.
- Sensitive periods: a stage in development when an organism can most rapidly acquire a particular skill or characteristic.
- For example, in humans, the 1st year of life is considered significant for the development of a secure attachment bond.
- The nature-nurture debate is concerned with the relative contribution that both influences make to human behavior, such as personality, cognitive traits, temperament, and psychopathology.