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Option 4 : Formal Operational Stage
Cognitive Development Theory- Jean Piaget said that a child's power to reflect and discover the reality of life not only depends on the child's maturity level or on his or her experience but on the interaction of both.
Jean Piaget made a systematic study of cognitive development among children of different age groups and he categorized it into different developmental stages. These stages are- Sensory-motor stage (0 to 2 years), Pre-operational stage (2 to 6 years), Concrete operational stage (6 to 11 years), and Formal Operational stage (11+ years to adolescence).
- Formal Operational Stage- According to Jean Piaget, this is a stage for a child who belongs from the age group of 11 years till adolescence. Changes are as-
- Hypothetical- deductive logic begins.
- Divergent/Convergent thinking.
- Creative thinking.
Hence, we can conclude that in the Formal Operational Stage of cognitive development can children 'operate on operations' and perform hypothetico-deductive thinking.
Other stages of Jean Piaget Cognitive development theory are:
- Sensory-motor stage - This is a stage of the child from just after birth to two years. In this stage-
- Senses are teachers.
- Reflex action shows in children.
- Intimate behavior by the child is shown.
- Pre-operational stage - This is a stage of the child from two years to 6 years. In this stage, there are many changes are shown in the child such as-
- Language development starts.
- Irreversibility in a child.
- Egocentrism
- Animism
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Concrete operational stage- There are many changes found in the child during the concrete operation stage (6 to 11 years) such as:
- Reversibility: Reversibility comes in a child, he/she can change their views by thinking diversely.
- Logics mapping: Logical mapping begins in a child so they analyze the problem, then think critically about it then comes to conclusion.