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Option 1 : Stable, uncontrollable

The attribution theory focuses on how children make sense of events and how this influences their perceptions and actions. 

  The mechanism that starts, directs, and sustains a goal-oriented behaviour is known as motivation.

  • Attribution theory and motivation-
    • The attribution theory asserts that it is common for individuals to search for factors that can be connected to either their success or failure.
    • The 3 basic types of characteristics that underlie success or failure are as follows-
      • Internal or external
      • Stable or unstable
      • Controllable or uncontrollable
    • If the outcome is stable, then it will remain the same for the next time also, so the child will think that no matter how hard he tries he will definitely going to fail. It will result in a decline in students' motivation.
    • Uncontrollable external factors are those which cannot be easily altered and they will ensure your failure.

Hence, we conclude that stable and uncontrollable factors can cause a decline in students' motivation and attempts to engage in similar tasks in the future.

Hint 

  • If the outcome is unstable it will it can be different on different occasions. For example, a student can succeed if he puts in the extra effort. It results in an increase in motivation.
  • Controllable factors are those which can be altered. 

 Motivation: The term motivation has been derived from the Latin word ‘movere’, which means ‘to move. “the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms”.

Motivation is of two types, which are:

  • Intrinsic Motivation.
  • Extrinsic Motivation.
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