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What is the type of flow when a cylindrical vessel containing some liquid is rotated about its vertical axis?

What is the type of flow when a cylindrical vessel containing some liquid is rotated about its vertical axis? Correct Answer vortex flow

Concept:

Vortex flow:

The motion of a fluid in a curved path is known as vortex flow.

When a cylindrical vessel containing some liquid is rotated about its vertical axis, the vortex flow will be followed by liquid.

Vortex motion is of two types:

1. Forced vortex:

  • In the forced vortex, fluid moves on the curve under the influence of external torque.
  • As there is the continuous expenditure of energy, Bernoulli's equation is not valid for forced vortex.
  • For forced vortex, v = rω is applicable.
  • Examples: 
    • The flow of water through a runner of the turbine.
    • Rotation of water in the washing machine.

2. Free vortex:

  • When no external torque is required to rotate the fluid mass, that type of flow is called a free vortex.
  • As there is no torque in the free vortex, so free vortex is an irrotational flow.
  • For free vortex, a moment of momentum is constant i.e. vr = constant.
  • Examples:
    • The flow of liquid through a hole provided at the bottom of a container.
    • Draining the bathtub.

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Non - uniform Flow: When the fluid properties change with respect to space, the type of flow is known as Non - uniform flow.

Steady Flow: When the fluid properties do not change with respect to time, then the flow is known as steady flow.

Unsteady flow: When the fluid properties change with respect to time, then the flow is known as unsteady flow.

Turbulent Flow: Turbulent flow tends to occur when there is intermixing of fluid between the fluid layers it is characterized by random and rapid fluctuations of swirling regions of fluid, called eddies, throughout the flow. These fluctuations provide an additional mechanism for momentum and energy transfer.

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