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Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: List-I (Cell Organelle) List-II (Nickname)  (a) Nucleus  (i) Protein Factory  (b) Ribosomes  (ii) Power House  (c) Lysosomes  (iii) Suicidal Bag  (d) Mitochondria  (iv) Control Room

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: List-I (Cell Organelle) List-II (Nickname)  (a) Nucleus  (i) Protein Factory  (b) Ribosomes  (ii) Power House  (c) Lysosomes  (iii) Suicidal Bag  (d) Mitochondria  (iv) Control Room Correct Answer (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) -(iii), (d) - (ii)

Concept:

  • A cell is the smallest unit of life or living organism.
  • The cell is a Latin word that means little room.
  • Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
  • A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, the cytoplasm.
  • Cytoplasmic organelles are "little organs" that are present inside the cytoplasm of the cell. 
  • Examples of cytoplasmic organelles are mitochondrion, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

Explanation:

​Nucleus:

  • It was Robert Brown in 1831 who discovered the nucleus in the cell.
  • The nucleus is a Latin word that means “kernel of a nut”.
  • A nucleus is a double-membraned eukaryotic cell organelle that contains genetic material.
  • The nucleus has a double-layered covering called a nuclear membrane.
  • The nucleus plays a central role in cellular reproduction, the process by which a single cell divides and forms two new cells.
  • So it is also called the control room of a cell.

Ribosomes:

  • Ribosomes are particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins.
  • They are found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
  • The major function of the ribosome is the synthesis of proteins and the process is called protein synthesis.
  • They are therefore called the 'protein factory'.

Lysosomes:

  • Lysosomes are tiny spherical structures that are distributed in the cytoplasm.
  • Lysosomes are membrane-bound cells filled with digestive enzymes which work as the disposal system of a cell.
  • That's why Lysosomes are called the suicidal bags of a cell.
  • Lysosomes are found in the eukaryotic cell.

​Mitochondria:

  • Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell.
  • Mitochondria have two membrane coverings.
  • The outer membrane is porous while the inner membrane is deeply folded.
  • These folds increase surface area for ATP generating chemical reactions.
  • The energy required for various chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) molecules.
  • ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell.
  • Mitochondria are strange organelles in the sense that they have their own DNA and ribosomes.
  • Therefore, mitochondria are able to make some of their own proteins.

Thus, the correct match is (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) -(iii), (d) - (ii)

List-I (Cell Organelle) List-II (Nickname)
 (a) Nucleus  (iv) Control Room
 (b) Ribosomes  (i) Protein Factory
 (c) Lysosomes  (iii) Suicidal Bag
 (d) Mitochondria  (ii) Power House

Additional Information

 Golgi Apparatus:

  • The Golgi apparatus was first described by Camillo Golgi.
  • The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of membrane-bound vesicles.
  • It functions in the storage, modification, and packaging of substances manufactured in the cell.
  • The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes.

​Endoplasmic reticulum:

  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets.
  • It looks like long tubules or round or oblong bags (vesicles).
  • ER helps in the manufacture of fat molecules, or lipids, important for cell function.

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