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If we delve into the origins of the Bengali language and culture, we'll see that Bengali language is almost a thousand years old. However, in terms of ethnicity, Bengalis have existed for several thousand years. Due to the influx of various ethnic groups, the Bengali identity has evolved as a mixed ethnicity. Bengali ethnicity has developed through the mixture of different racial groups like Koch, Vod, Austro-Asiatic, and various other indigenous groups. The historical evidence and artifacts of human settlements have been discovered in different regions of both Bengals since prehistoric times. Even without going into detailed discussion of these, it can be said that when the bud of history bloomed, different sub-ethnic groups were identified within Bengal. We recognize the identity of many ancient tribes in Bengal through ancient Aryan texts such as Ramayana, Mahabharata, and other initial scriptures, as well as in Kautilya's Arthashastra. Names like Pundra, Banga, Kalinga, Gauda, Harikel, etc., represent various tribes or sub-ethnic groups. Today, the distinct identities of these tribes no longer exist. They have all merged and taken the name Bengali, becoming familiar as Bengalis. Bengali is the language of their collective expression.