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Option 2 : Interaction of nature and nurture
The term “development” is generally used to refer to the dynamic process by which an individual grows and changes throughout its lifespan. It is often thought of as the process of qualitative change taking place from conception to death. It deals with all areas including physical, motor, cognitive, physiological, social, emotional, and personality.
- Development is shaped by the joint influences of both nature and nurture in a cultural context. Both nature and nurture jointly influence development.
- Nature refers to the hereditary contribution a child receives from parents at the time of conception. Genetics determines several aspects of a person’s physical structure and functioning as well as some psychological characteristics to a certain extent.
- Nurture refers to the influence of the environment on all of those same things and includes parenting style, physical surroundings, economic factors, and anything that can have an influence and development that does not come from within the person.
Thus by all these references, we can conclude that nature and nurture both affect an individual's development at a given time in children.
Factors affecting the development of the child are:
- Genetically Determined Factors: most of the inherited characteristics are essentially influenced by the environment.
- For example, a child may be endowed with the hereditary potential for physical growth, but his/her potential may be stunted due to various reasons such as lack of nutrition or illness or being forced to do too heavy work for the body.
- Non-genetically Determined Factors: There are many non-genital factors that affect the development of the child these are-
- Conditions in the Pre-natal Environment
- Maternal nutrition
- Maternal health
- Nutrition
- Physical effects and illness
- The Psycho-social Environment of family and Culture, and many more.
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