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Match List I with List II List I List II Artifacts Description  A.  History  I.  Happens when subjects   are given similar pre-tests   and post-tests  B.  Maturation  II.  Subjects’ reactions to   experimental conditions  C.  Testing  III.  Occurance of various   events during a study  D.  Demand   characteristics  IV.  Biological and   psychological characters   changing during the course   of the study Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List I with List II List I List II Artifacts Description  A.  History  I.  Happens when subjects   are given similar pre-tests   and post-tests  B.  Maturation  II.  Subjects’ reactions to   experimental conditions  C.  Testing  III.  Occurance of various   events during a study  D.  Demand   characteristics  IV.  Biological and   psychological characters   changing during the course   of the study Choose the correct answer from the options given below: Correct Answer A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II

Internal validity refers to how certain you may be that a cause-and-effect link found in a study cannot be explained by other factors.

Key Points

  •  Internal validity is jeopardised by a number of factors. 
  • Some of the Factors are mentioned below: 
Artifacts Description
History
  • A past occurrence may directly or indirectly influence the outcome of the research.
  • For Example, natural disasters and politics can have an impact on the research participants' coordination and performance.
Maturation
  • Maturation refers to the internal processes that occur as a result of the passage of time.
  • In other words, if the experiment lasts a few years, the majority of participants will likely improve their performance independent of treatment. 
Testing
  • Testing your research participants with repeated measures will influence your research findings.
  • It is only natural that when you give a particular test to someone repeatedly, they'll become accustomed to the test. 
Demand Characteristics
  • Demand characteristics have the potential to undermine research investigations by offering an alternate explanation for the findings.
  • The internal validity of your experiment is jeopardised when demand characteristics are present.
  • You can't be certain that the change in your dependent variable was caused only by your independent variable adjustment.

Therefore, A-III, B - IV, C - I, D - II is the correct option. 

Additional Information

  • Many risks to internal validity can be altered or reduced by manipulating an experimental design. 
  • Another efficient technique to avoid challenges to internal validity in your study is to make your subjects completely unaware of the study's goal. 

Related Questions

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