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Which of the following statement regarding Operant Conditioning by B.F. Skinner is correct? I. Positive reinforcement occurs when removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimulus following an emitted behaviour strengthens the occurrence of the behaviour II. Negative reinforcement involves the representation of a pleasant stimulus followed by an emitted behaviour which strengthens the occurrence of the behaviour

Which of the following statement regarding Operant Conditioning by B.F. Skinner is correct? I. Positive reinforcement occurs when removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimulus following an emitted behaviour strengthens the occurrence of the behaviour II. Negative reinforcement involves the representation of a pleasant stimulus followed by an emitted behaviour which strengthens the occurrence of the behaviour Correct Answer Neither I nor II

Conditioning is the process of modifying one’s behaviour with the help of some preparation or training. Behaviourism theory is an idea which states that learning takes place owing to conditioning. John Watson is called the father of behaviourism. There are two types of conditioning: Operant and Classical.

  • Operant: This method of conditioning works on reinforcement and punishment. Reinforcement promotes the happening of behaviour in the future while punishment is a term that implies the reduction of happening of a behaviour in the future. It has positive (to add) and negative (to take away) factors:
    • Positive Reinforcement: To add an action to repeat the outcome. For example: Offering rewards (action added) when children give correct answers. 
    • Negative Reinforcement: To take away an action to repeat an outcome. For example: Restrictions are removed (action is taken away) from prisoners when they behave well.
    • Positive Punishment: To add an action to reduce an outcome. For example: Kids are sent outside the class (action added) so that they don’t make noise. (action reduced). A kid is ridiculed by friends (action added), so he won’t talk with them (outcome reduced).
    • Negative Punishment: To take away an action to prevent something from happening. For example: The government asks citizens to stay at home (the government is taking away freedom to go out) to prevent a pandemic.

Hence, we conclude that both the above statements are incorrect.

Related Questions

Below are given two sets, Set - I which gives modalities of operant conditioning and Set - II which provides the types of reinforcement, the types of responses (responses made or withheld) and the presence or absence of cue. Match the two sets and indicate your answer by choosing from the code : Set - I (Modalities of operant conditioning procedures) Set – II           (Conditions and contexts) (a) Reward training (i) Positive reinforcement, response made, with cue present (b) Escape training (ii) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent (c) Discriminated omission training   (iii) Positive reinforcement, response made with cue absent (d) Active avoidance   (iv) Negative reinforcement, response made with training (e) Punishment training (v) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue present   (vi) Negative reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent  
Given below are two Lists in which List I indicates the type of operant learning procedures while List II describes their related procedure-paradigm. Match the pairs and choose the correct answer from the code given below. List I (Type of Operant Learning Procedure) List II (Related Procedure) a)  Discriminated Omission i)  Cue Present → Response Made → Positive Reinforcement b)  Discriminated Punishment ii)  Cue Present → Response Made → Negative Reinforcement c)  Discriminated Operant iii)  Cue Present → Response Withheld → Positive Reinforcement d)  Active Avoidance iv)  Cue Present → Response Withheld → Negative Reinforcement
For training in behavior modification using Skinner's operant conditioning model in which of the following types of procedures, negative reinforcement is made contingent on making or withholding of a response in the presence or absence of cues? a) Reward learning b) Escape learning c) Punishment learning d) Active avoidance learning e) Discriminated operant learning Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Which of the following statements is correct about adaptation dependent on observation behaviour? I. Classical conditioning is for conditioning natural behaviour II. Operant Conditioning is for conditioning the behaviour obtained
Which animals were primarily used in B.F. Skinner’s “Skinner Boxes” of operant conditioning?
Rearrange the parts of the sentence in correct order. P: This discipline is characterized by several concepts and approaches that are used by psychologists in understanding human behavior.
Q: The field of psychology can be described as a discipline that focuses on the study of mind and behavior.
R: Some of the most common psychological concepts that are used to modify or change an individuals behavior include operant conditioning, positive and negative punishment, and positive and negative reinforcement.
S: Since psychology is a broad field, psychologists not only use these concepts and approaches but also conduct scientific research that enables them to understand
human behavior.
Examine the following statements : 1. All colours are pleasant. 2. Some colours are pleasant. 3. No colour is pleasant. 4. Some colours are not pleasant. Given that the statement 4 is true, what can be definitely concluded ?
Examine the following statements: 1. All colours are pleasant. 2. Some colours are pleasant. 3. No colour is pleasant. 4. Some colours are not pleasant. Given that statements 4 is true, what can be definitely concluded?
Which of the following principles is used in shaping behaviour in Skinner’s Operant Conditioning ?
Which of the following laws of Thorndike is nearer to Skinner's Operant Conditioning paradigm?