The stiffness of a closely coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load W is equal to (where G = Modulus of rigidity and n = Number of active coils)

The stiffness of a closely coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load W is equal to (where G = Modulus of rigidity and n = Number of active coils) Correct Answer $$\frac{{{\text{G}}{{\text{d}}^4}}}{{8{{\text{D}}^3}{\text{n}}}}$$

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When a closely-coiled helical spring of mean diameter (D) is subjected to an axial load (W), the deflection of the spring ($$\delta $$) is given by (where d = Diameter of spring wire, n = No. of turns of the spring and C = Modulus of rigidity for the spring material)
When an open coiled helical compression spring is subjected to an axial load (W), the compression produced in the spring will be (where, n = No. of active turns of the spring and G = Modulus of rigidity for the spring material)
When an open coiled helical compression spring is subjected to an axial compressive load, the maximum shear stress induced in the wire is (where D = Mean diameter of the spring coil, d = Diameter of the spring wire, K = Wahl's stress factor and W = Axial compressive load on the spring)
When a closely-coiled helical spring of mean diameter (D) is subjected to an axial load (W), the stiffness of the spring is given by