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A 5-stage pipelined processor has Instruction Fetch (IF), Instruction Decode (ID), Operand Fetch (OF), Perform Operation (PO) and Write Operand (WO) stages. The IF, ID, OF and WO stages take 1 clock cycle each for any instruction. The PO stage takes 1 clock cycle for ADD and SUB instructions, 3 clock cycles for MUL instruction, and 6 clock cycles for DIV instruction respectively. Operand forwarding is used in the pipeline. What is the number of clock cycles needed to execute the following sequence of instructions? Instruction Meaning of instruction I0 : MUL R2, R0, R1 R2← R0 * R1 I1 : DIV R5, R3, R4 R5 ← R3 / R4 I2 : ADD R2, R5, R2 R2 ← R5 + R2 I3 : SUB R5, R2, R6 R5 ← R2 – R6
Consider a process executing on an operating system that uses demand paging. The average time for a memory access in the system is M units if the corresponding memory page is available in memory, and D units if the memory access causes a page fault. It has been experimental measured that the average time taken for a memory access in the process is X units. Which one of the following is the correct expression for the page fault rate experienced by the process?
In the demand paging memory, a page table is held in registers. If it takes 1000 ms to service a page fault and if the memory access time is 10 ms, what is the effective access time for a page fault rate of 0.01?
Recall that Belady’s anomaly is that the page-fault rate may increase as the number of allocated frames increases. Now, consider the following statements: S1: Random page replacement algorithm (where a page chosen at random is replaced) Suffers from Belady’s anomaly S2: LRU page replacement algorithm suffers from Belady’s anomaly Which of the following is CORRECT?
Consider a main memory with 3 page frames in the following sequence of page reference 3, 4, 2, 3, 9, 1, 6, 3, 4, 9. What is the number of page fault using FIFO page replacement algorithm?
Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Pseudo instruction is a machine instruction. 2. A pseudo instruction is an instruction to the assembler. 3. The ORG (origin) is an example of pseudo instruction. 4. It is not possible to use ORG more than once in a program. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Applying the LRU page replacement to the following reference string. 1 2 4 5 2 1 2 4 The main memory can accommodate 3 pages and it already has pages 1 and 2. Page 1 came in before page 2. How many page faults will occur?
What is the effective access time, if the average page-fault service time is 25 ms, memory access time is 100 ns and page-fault rate is P?
A sustained three phase fault occurs in the power system shown in the figure. The current and voltage phasors during the fault (on a common reference), after the natural transients have died down, are also shown. Where is the fault located?  
A virtual memory system uses FIFO page replacement policy and allocates a fixed number of frames to the process. Consider the following statements M : Increasing the number of page frames allocated to a process sometimes increases the page fault rate N : Some programs do not exhibit locality of reference Which one of the following is true?