Who made the discovery that one DNA strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments?

Consider the following statements regarding chain elongation during DNA synthesis and choose the correct answer:
1. The separated strands are kept open by DNA binding proteins (DBPs)
2. A DNA chain is initiated on the 3'- OH end of the primer
3. Okazaki fragments are synthesized on one strand; there is continuous DNA synthesis in the other strand
4. Okazaki fragments are joined by endonuclease

A

1, 2, 3 and 4 are true

B

Only 2, 3 and 4 are true

C

Only 1, 2 and 3 are true

D

Only 1, 3 and 4 are true

You transcribe a gene and obtain mRNA. To detect which strand is transcribed you replicate each strand in vitro and use the newly synthesized strand for hybridization with mRNA. If mRNA hybridize with the newly replicated strand from 1st strand then the gene transcribed was in ________

A

1st strand

B

2nd strand

C

Same copy in both strands

D

Dispersed

Consider the following statements regarding DNA replication and choose the correct answer:
1. The very first requirement of DNA synthesis is the presence of a template or plan along which the new strand is to be constructed
2. The second requirement is of a DNA-dependent-DNA polymerase or simply DNA polymerase enzyme
3. A DNA Pol cannot join two free nucleotides; one of them must be anchored by hydrogen bonds to a DNA strand
4. Replication takes place bidirectionally

A

1, 2, 3 and 4 are true

B

Only 2 and 4 are true

C

Oniy 2, 3 and 4 are true

D

Only 1 and 2 are true

The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.

A

True

B

False

De-novo methylation is done in the newly synthesized DNA strand at opposite positions of the methylated sites on the parent strand.

A

True

B

False

The combined mixture of all labeled DNA fragments is electrophoresed to _____ the fragments by______ and the ladder of fragments is scanned for the presence of each of the four labels.

A

separate, size

B

separate, pH

C

assimilate, pH

D

assimilate, size

Steps of Recombinant DNA technology are given below.
1. Identification and isolation of the genetic material.
2. Fragmentation of DNA.
3. Obtaining the foreign gene product.
4. Downstream processing.
5. Ligation of DNA fragmentation into the vector.
6. Isolation of desired DNA fragments.
7. Amplification of gene of interest.
8. Transfer of Recombinant DNA into the host cell/organism.
The correct sequence of steps is

A

3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 5, 7, 8

B

1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 7, 6, 8

C

1, 2, 6, 7, 5, 8, 3, 4

D

8, 6, 7, 5, 1 , 4, 2, 3

Ligation enzymes are used for ligating newly synthesized okazaki fragments. What holds true for okazaki fragments?

A

Okazaki fragments are short fragments of DNA formed on the leading strand

B

Okazaki fragments are large fragments of DNA formed on the lagging strand

C

Okazaki fragments are short fragments of DNA formed on the lagging strand

D

Okazaki fragments are large fragments of DNA formed on the leading strand

At the completion of DNA replication, each newly synthesized DNA strand is

A

Identical in sequence to the strand opposite which it was synthesized

B

Complementary in sequence to the strand opposite which it was synthesized

C

A hybrid strand consisting both DNA and RNA strand

D

Oriented in the same direction as the strand which it was synthesized

Consider the following statements regarding the DNA-mediated gene transfer and choose the correct answer:
1. DNA fragments carrying the gene to be transferred are mixed with a carrier DNA
2. They are then precipitated out with a calcium phosphate buffer
3. The precipitate is used to transform target cells
4. The Ca-precipitated DNA enters the cell by exocytosis

A

Only 1, 2 and 4 are true

B

Only 3 and 4 are true

C

Only 2, 3 and 4 life true

D

Only 1, 2 and 3 are true

Who made the discovery that one DNA strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments?

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