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Steps of Recombinant DNA technology are given below.
1. Identification and isolation of the genetic material.
2. Fragmentation of DNA.
3. Obtaining the foreign gene product.
4. Downstream processing.
5. Ligation of DNA fragmentation into the vector.
6. Isolation of desired DNA fragments.
7. Amplification of gene of interest.
8. Transfer of Recombinant DNA into the host cell/organism.
The correct sequence of steps is
Viral vaccines produced by using recombinant DNA technology are
Which of the following statements are correct? 1. The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 provides for the regulation of use of DNA technology for establishing the identity of certain persons. 2. DNA is made up of 26 pairs of chromosomes and provides instructions for building an entire organism and proteins. 3. DNA is composed of two chains, which coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth. 4. Under the Bill, DNA profiling is allowed only in respect of criminal matters. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India? 1. These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and sepsis. 2. Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug-resistant bacteria can be reduced. 3. These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following statements regarding DNA replication and choose the correct answer:
1. The very first requirement of DNA synthesis is the presence of a template or plan along which the new strand is to be constructed
2. The second requirement is of a DNA-dependent-DNA polymerase or simply DNA polymerase enzyme
3. A DNA Pol cannot join two free nucleotides; one of them must be anchored by hydrogen bonds to a DNA strand
4. Replication takes place bidirectionally
Vaccines produced by using recombinant DNA technology is/are
With reference to recent developments regarding ‘Recombinant Vector Vaccines’, consider the following statements : 1. Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines. 2. Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Evaluation of candidate vaccines for COVID-19 should be done on technical parameters and programmatic suitability. An ideal vaccine would provide the following- immunity that is of a high degree (90%+ protective especially against severe illness), broad-scale (against different variants) and durable (at least five years if not lifelong); a vaccine that is safe (little or no side effects and definitely no serious adverse effects); a vaccine that is cheap (similar to current childhood vaccines); a vaccine that is programmatically suitable- single dose, can be kept at room temperature or at worst needs simple refrigeration between 2 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius, needle-free delivery, and a vaccine that is available in multi-dose vials, has long shelf life and is amenable to rapid production. Obviously, a vaccine having all these desirable characteristics is a pipe dream, and most vaccines fare well in some and not so well in other parameters, making it difficult to choose between them. What is the most appropriate meaning of the phrase PIPE DREAM?
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Evaluation of candidate vaccines for COVID-19 should be done on technical parameters and programmatic suitability. An ideal vaccine would provide the following- immunity that is of a high degree (90%+ protective especially against severe illness), broad-scale (against different variants) and durable (at least five years if not lifelong); a vaccine that is safe (little or no side effects and definitely no serious adverse effects); a vaccine that is cheap (similar to current childhood vaccines); a vaccine that is programmatically suitable- single dose, can be kept at room temperature or at worst needs simple refrigeration between 2 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius, needle-free delivery, and a vaccine that is available is multi-dose vials, has long shelf life and is amenable to rapid production. Obviously, a vaccine having all these desirable characteristics is a pipe dream, and most vaccines fare well in some and not so well in other parameters, making it difficult to choose between them. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a desirable parameter for a vaccine?
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Evaluation of candidate vaccines for COVID-19 should be done on technical parameters and programmatic suitability. An ideal vaccine would provide the following- immunity that is of a high degree (90%+ protective especially against severe illness), broad-scale ( against different variants) and durable (at least five years if not lifelong); a vaccine that is safe (little or no side effects and definitely no serious adverse effects); a vaccine that is cheap (similar to current childhood vaccines); a vaccine that is programmatically suitable- single dose, can be kept at room temperature or at worst needs simple refrigeration between 2 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius, needle-free delivery, and a vaccine that is available in multi-dose vials, has long shelf life and is amenable to rapid production. Obviously, a vaccine having all these desirable characteristics is a pipe dream, and most vaccines fare well in some and not so well in other parameters, making it difficult to choose between them. What is the tone of the author in the passage?