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Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Evaluation of candidate vaccines for COVID-19 should be done on technical parameters and programmatic suitability. An ideal vaccine would provide the following- immunity that is of a high degree (90%+ protective especially against severe illness), broad-scale (against different variants) and durable (at least five years if not lifelong); a vaccine that is safe (little or no side effects and definitely no serious adverse effects); a vaccine that is cheap (similar to current childhood vaccines); a vaccine that is programmatically suitable- single dose, can be kept at room temperature or at worst needs simple refrigeration between 2 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius, needle-free delivery, and a vaccine that is available is multi-dose vials, has long shelf life and is amenable to rapid production. Obviously, a vaccine having all these desirable characteristics is a pipe dream, and most vaccines fare well in some and not so well in other parameters, making it difficult to choose between them. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a desirable parameter for a vaccine?
Steps of Recombinant DNA technology are given below.
1. Identification and isolation of the genetic material.
2. Fragmentation of DNA.
3. Obtaining the foreign gene product.
4. Downstream processing.
5. Ligation of DNA fragmentation into the vector.
6. Isolation of desired DNA fragments.
7. Amplification of gene of interest.
8. Transfer of Recombinant DNA into the host cell/organism.
The correct sequence of steps is
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Evaluation of candidate vaccines for COVID-19 should be done on technical parameters and programmatic suitability. An ideal vaccine would provide the following- immunity that is of a high degree (90%+ protective especially against severe illness), broad-scale (against different variants) and durable (at least five years if not lifelong); a vaccine that is safe (little or no side effects and definitely no serious adverse effects); a vaccine that is cheap (similar to current childhood vaccines); a vaccine that is programmatically suitable- single dose, can be kept at room temperature or at worst needs simple refrigeration between 2 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius, needle-free delivery, and a vaccine that is available in multi-dose vials, has long shelf life and is amenable to rapid production. Obviously, a vaccine having all these desirable characteristics is a pipe dream, and most vaccines fare well in some and not so well in other parameters, making it difficult to choose between them. What is the most appropriate meaning of the phrase PIPE DREAM?
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Evaluation of candidate vaccines for COVID-19 should be done on technical parameters and programmatic suitability. An ideal vaccine would provide the following- immunity that is of a high degree (90%+ protective especially against severe illness), broad-scale ( against different variants) and durable (at least five years if not lifelong); a vaccine that is safe (little or no side effects and definitely no serious adverse effects); a vaccine that is cheap (similar to current childhood vaccines); a vaccine that is programmatically suitable- single dose, can be kept at room temperature or at worst needs simple refrigeration between 2 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius, needle-free delivery, and a vaccine that is available in multi-dose vials, has long shelf life and is amenable to rapid production. Obviously, a vaccine having all these desirable characteristics is a pipe dream, and most vaccines fare well in some and not so well in other parameters, making it difficult to choose between them. What is the tone of the author in the passage?
Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide and conjugate vaccine is which type of vaccine?
Consider the following statements regarding DNA replication and choose the correct answer:
1. The very first requirement of DNA synthesis is the presence of a template or plan along which the new strand is to be constructed
2. The second requirement is of a DNA-dependent-DNA polymerase or simply DNA polymerase enzyme
3. A DNA Pol cannot join two free nucleotides; one of them must be anchored by hydrogen bonds to a DNA strand
4. Replication takes place bidirectionally
What happens when the gp130 subunit and the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor β-subunit is combined with a ciliary neurotrophic factor’s receptor subunit?
Consider the following pairs:  Key Initiatives  Purpose of Initiative  1. Mission COVID   Suraksha  A. To accelerate the development of the COVID vaccine  2. CAWACH  B. To provide protection to frontline   workers  3. Vaccine Maitri  C. India's vaccine diplomacy that supplies   a Made in India COVID-19 vaccine to   other countries  4. COVID-19 Shri   Shakti Challenge  D. A COVID-19 solution challenge by   MyGov in collaboration with Women World   Banking   Which of the following pair given above are correctly stated?
Consider the following pairs of vaccine and category/type: 1. Covaxin: Inactivated pathogen-based vaccine 2. Covishield: mRNA vaccine 3. Sputnik V : Viral vector-based vaccine Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements : 1. The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform. 2. Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector based platform. 3. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen based vaccine. Which of the statements given above are correct ?