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Consider the following statements regarding the methods of measuring Biodiversity: 1. Alpha diversity indicates the diversity between the communities. 2. Beta diversity indicates the diversity within the community. 3. Gamma diversity refers to the diversity of the habitats over the total landscape. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the methods of measuring Biodiversity: 1. Alpha diversity indicates the diversity between the communities. 2. Beta diversity indicates the diversity within the community. 3. Gamma diversity refers to the diversity of the habitats over the total landscape. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Correct Answer 3 only

The correct answer is 3 only.

Key Points

Methods of measuring Biodiversity:

There are three perspectives measuring diversity at the level of community.

These are (i) Alpha diversity, (ii) beta diversity, and (iii) gamma diversity.

  • Community diversity refers to the variations in the biological communities in which species live.
  • (i) Alpha diversity indicates diversity within the community. It refers to the diversity of organisms sharing the same community or habitat. A combination of species richness and equitability/evenness is used to represent diversity within a community or habitat.
  • (ii) Beta diversity indicates diversity between communities. Species frequently change when habitat or community changes. There are differences in species composition of communities along environmental gradients, e.g, altitudinal gradient, moisture gradient, etc. the higher heterogeneity in the habitats in a region or greater dissimilarity between communities exhibits higher beta diversity.
  • (iii) Gamma diversity refers to the diversity of the habitats over the total land scope or geographical area. The sum of alpha and beta diversities of the ecosystems is an expression of the biodiversity of the landscape, which is considered as Gamma Diversity.
  • Higher diversity at the community level provides stability and higher productivity. In temperate grasslands, it has been observed that diverse communities are functionally more productive and stable, even under environmental stresses such as prolonged dry conditions.

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