The implications of constructivist theory for Instructional design is reflected through which of the statements given below? a) Instructional design should be specific and learning outcome related b) Instructional design should promote participatory approaches leading to creation of meaning giving processes. c) Instructional designs should be specific so that learning outcomes are measured accurately d) Instructional designs should provide scope for challening learning contexts and proactive moves e) Instructional designs promote cognitive rather than meta-cognitive process Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The implications of constructivist theory for Instructional design is reflected through which of the statements given below? a) Instructional design should be specific and learning outcome related b) Instructional design should promote participatory approaches leading to creation of meaning giving processes. c) Instructional designs should be specific so that learning outcomes are measured accurately d) Instructional designs should provide scope for challening learning contexts and proactive moves e) Instructional designs promote cognitive rather than meta-cognitive process Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: Correct Answer b and d only

Instructional design:

• Instructional design is the process of creating effective materials that help students learn what those materials are meant to teach. At base, instructional design is “a set of rules—or procedures, you could say—for creating that does what it is supposed to do”
• There are two main theoretical approaches in the field of instructional design: the systematic approach and the constructivist approach.
• In the systematic approach, instruction is viewed as a process, consisting of input, process, and output.
• The constructivist approach is based on epistemological and psychological aspects of constructivist learning.

Constructivist theory for Instructional design

• Constructivism is a learning theory, not an instructional approach, hence it can best be thought of as a way of "growing" or improving instruction.
• Constructivism is a learning theory where the learner “constructs” knowledge from the information given.
• Constructivists place the learner at the center of the equation; the idea is that the learner constructs knowledge rather than passively absorbing it. Meaning is constructed by each learner via their experiences and in their own ways and means.
• The constructivist instructional design places the learner at the center of the process, giving the learner more agency in their education. 
• Constructivism is at the root of multiple instructional design models, but when compared to passive learning (being fed information or learning through memorization) constructivism is an active learning method.
• The core of constructive learning design is the idea that a learner should construct knowledge rather than passively absorb it. This means that students are presented with situations and guided towards the solution.
• The constructivist instructional design places the learner at the center of the process, giving the learner more agency in their education.

There are four basic characteristics of a constructivist classroom and each characteristic is centered around the student and teacher roles.

1. Knowledge will be shared between teachers and students.
2. Teachers and students will share authority.
3. The teacher’s role is one of a facilitator or guide.
4. Learning groups will consist of small numbers of heterogeneous students.

Conclusion:

Constructivism is heavily student-focused, and a student must be actively participating in learning for the method to work. Course structure and teaching style are important elements in creating a constructivist classroom, but the students must engage in their education. The implication of constructivism could be seen in a more participatory approach and challenging the context. Hence, option (2) is correct.