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Generally, non metals are not conductors of electricity. Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?

Generally, non metals are not conductors of electricity. Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity? Correct Answer Graphite

Concept -

  • Graphite:
    • Graphite structure is formed by the hexagonal arrays being placed in layers one above the other.
    • In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in the same plane giving that hexagonal array.
    • One of these bonds is a double-bond, and thus the valency of carbon is satisfied.
    • Each carbon atom in a graphite molecule has thus, one free valence electron.
    • Hence, it can conduct electricity because of the free electrons in its structure.
    • As a result, graphite is considered a good electrical conductor. 
  • Diamond:
    • In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms forming a rigid three-dimensional structure.
    • They don't have any free mobile electrons in diamonds.
    • That is why diamonds are poor electrical conductors.
  • Sulfur:
    • Sulfur is a non-metallic element.
    • It has the attributes of being a poor heat and electrical conductor.
    • It is frail, drab, and readily breakable.
    • Sulfur lacks the necessary free electrons to transmit electricity, making it a poor conductor of electricity. 
  • Fullerene:
    • It's an allotrope made up of 60 carbon-containing clusters linked together to form a spherical molecule.
    • Buckminsterfullerene is a C60 molecule with the shape of a soccer ball.
    • There are 20 six-membered rings and 12 five-membered rings in this set.
    • Three sigma bonds develop between each carbon atom and three other carbon atoms.
    • The leftover electrons at each carbon are delocalized in molecular orbitals, giving the molecule its aromatic property.
    • Fullerene is an insulator in its pure state, but it can be doped to become a semiconductor or superconductor under the right conditions.

Explanation -

  • All four, Graphite, Diamond, Sulfur, and Fullerene are non-metals. 
  • But graphite is the one which conducts electricity.
    • This is due to its structure where each carbon atom has one free electron.
    • Thus the presence of free electrons gives graphite the ability to conduct electricity. 
  • On the other hand, diamond and sulfur do not have any free electrons which makes them poor conductors of electricity. 
  • Talking about fullerene, it is an insulator in its preform but can be converted into a conductor under certain conditions. 

Hence, the correct answer to this question is - Graphite. 

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