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World Bank ১৯৪৪ সালে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়। এর সদর দপ্তর ওয়াশিংটন ডিসি, আমেরিকাতে।

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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.The Italian banking system became the model for those North European nations that would achieve the greatest commercial success in the coming centuries, notably the Dutch, the English, and the Swedes. It was in Amsterdam, London and Stockholm that the next decisive wave of financial or innovation occurred, as the forerunners of modern central banks made their first appearance. The seventeenth century saw the foundation of three distinctly novel institutions that, in their differen in ways, were intended to serve a public as well as a private financial function. The Amsterdam Exchange Bank, i.e. the Wisselbank, was set up in 1609 to resolve the practical problems created for merchants by the circulation of multiple currencies in the United Provinces, where there were no fewer than fourteen different mints and copious quantities of foreign coins. By allowing merchants to set up accounts denominated in a standardized currency, the Exchange Bank pioneered the system of cheques and direct debits or transfers that we take for granted today. This allowed more and more commercial transactions to take place without the need for the sums involved to materialize in actual coins. Financial historians disagree as to how far the growth of banking after the seventeenth century can be credited with the acceleration of economic growth that began in Britain in the late eighteenth 20 5 century and then spread to Western Europe, North America and Australasia. But banks played a more important role in continental European industrialization than they did in England's.a) Where did the precursors of modern central banks make their first appearance? b) What practical problem was the Wisselbank required to resolve in its initial days?c) How did the Amsterdam Exchange Bank respond to the demand of the age? d) What are the points of disagreement among the financial historians with respect to growth of banking vis-a-vis growth of economy? e) Choose a suitable title for above composition.
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Loan disbursement from the stimulus package dedicated to cottage, micro, small and medium. enterprises was far below the mark, bit, yet, midsize ones made the most out of it for their closer kinship with the formal banking channel. Businesses minors in the beneficiary group were just lookers-on. Such a picture of the stimulus handouts came out of the latest circular issued by the central bank of Bangladesh In the latest notification, the Bangladesh Bank further eased some rules related to the implementation of the stimulus package meant for the cottage-micro-small section. To ensure access for the small firms, the Bangladesh Bank in the latest notification ordered the banks for 70 percent disbursement for them and only 30 percent for the medians. (Translate the following into Bangla)
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Extreme poverty, as defined by the World Bank, meant not having enough income to meet the basic human needs for adequate food, water, shelter, clothing. sanitation, health care or education 2008, the Bank calculated that this requires a daily income that is the purchasing power equivalent of about USD 1.25 per day in the United States. That is not the foreign exchange equivalent of USD 1.25, which might not be so bad, because as everyone who travels from a rich country to a poor cr knows, the currencies of rich countries often have much greater purchasing power in poor countrie The World Bank's definition takes that difference into account: the poor earn only as much as buy, in their currency, the quantity of necessities the USD 1.25 will buy in the United States. Thr Bank estimates that 1.4 billion people have less income than this. (Translate into Bangla)
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বাংলাদেশ ১৯৭০'র দশক থেকেই জনশক্তি রফতানি করছে। শুরু থেকেই মধ্যপ্রাচ্যের দেশগুলো বাংলাদেশের জনশক্তি রফতানির প্রধান বাজার। ১৯৮০'র দশক থেকে সিঙ্গাপুর, মালয়েশিয়াসহ এশিয়ার কয়েকটি দেশে জনশক্তি রফতানি শুরু হয়। লিবিয়া, সুদানসহ আফ্রিকার কয়েকটি দেশেও তখন থেকেই জনশক্তি রফতানি শুরু হয়। ১৯৯০'র দশক থেকে দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া, ব্রুনাই, মিসর, মরিসাসসহ কয়েকটি নতুন বাজার সৃষ্টি হয়। নতুন সহস্রাব্দে বিট্রেন, ইতালি, জাপানসহ এশিয়া ও ইউরোপের কয়েকটি দেশে জনশক্তির চাহিদা সৃষ্টি হয় । (Translate Bangali paragraph into English)
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