How can I obtain detailed knowledge of all the branches of physics?

Learn, from the very basics upwards. You can get books or use internet resources. You'll probably have some classes in school, and you can study physics in college, then pursue a specialty within in in graduate school. It will take many years before you get anywhere close to what you're asking. And just so you know, it's impossible to become an expert in every single area of physics - there is just far too much knowledge out there in this day and age for one person to obtain. You can gain a pretty good understanding of all the branches, but eventually, you will have to choose a specialty to delve into more deeply.