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The 1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure in the industrial town of Mailuu-Suu, , Jalal-Abad Region, southern Kyrgyzstan, caused the uncontrolled release of 600,000 cubic metres of radioactive waste.

The event caused several direct casualties and widespread environmental damage. It was the single worst incident in a region of arid, mountainous western Kyrgyzstan, with a collection of shuttered Soviet-era uranium mining and processing sites, a legacy of extensive radioactive waste dumps, and a history of flooding and mudslides.

As of 2017, despite recent remediations funded by the World Bank and others, the treatment of radioactive waste at Mailuu-Suu still poses serious health and safety risks for local residents.

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