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Option 2 : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth
The correct answer is Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth.
- The accepted modern chronology is based on the work of E.K. Chambers in "The Problem of Chronology" (1930), published in Volume 1 of his book William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems.
- Hamlet was written sometime between 1599 and 1601, and first performed in 1602.
- The earliest mention of the play Othello is found in a 1604 Revels Office account, which records that on "Hallamas Day, being the first of Nouembar ... the Kings Maiesties plaiers" performed "A Play in the Banketinghouse at Whit Hall Called The Moor of Venis."
- King Lear is thought to have been composed sometime between 1603 and 1606. A Stationers' Register entry notes a performance before King James I on 26 December 1606.
- Many scholars think Macbeth was written in 1606 in the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot, citing possible internal allusions to the 1605 plot.
- Thus, we see that Hamlet was the earliest of Shakespeare's great tragedies, followed by Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.
Therefore, Option 2 is the correct answer.
- Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's plays.
- The scholars use both external evidence such as references to the plays by Shakespeare's contemporaries in both critical material and private documents, allusions in other plays, entries in the Stationers' Register, and records of performance and publication; and internal sources like allusions within the plays to contemporary events, composition and publication dates of sources used by Shakespeare etc.
- However, there still exists a lot of debate regarding the chronology of Shakespeare's writing, which is why the Arden Shakespeare series does not give us any list at all, it just publishes the plays in alphabetical order.
- For example, the critic E. A. J. Honigmann argues that Shakespeare began his career with Titus Andronicus in 1586, though the conventional dating is that Shakespeare began writing plays after arriving in London in about 1590.
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