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Option 1 : Universal motor
Universal Motor:
- The motors which can be used with a single-phase AC source, as well as a DC source of supply and voltages, are called Universal Motor.
- It is basically a single-phase DC series motor.
- On reversing the polarity of the line terminals of a DC Series Motor, the motor will continue to run in the same direction.
- A universal motor is a commutation-type motor.
- The universal motor produces approximately the same speed and output when operated either on a direct or single-phase AC source.
The universal motor can work on both AC and DC.
However, a series motor that is mainly designed for DC operation, it works on a single-phase AC supply suffers from the following drawbacks.
- The efficiency becomes low because of hysteresis and eddy current losses.
- The power factor is low due to the large reactance of the field and the armature windings.
- The sparking at the brushes is in excess.
To overcome the above drawbacks, certain modifications are made in a DC series motor so that it can work even on the AC current.
Applications of Universal motor:
- Portable drill machine
- Used in hairdryers, grinders and table fans
- It is also used in blowers, polishers and kitchen appliances
- It is used for the purposes where speed control and high values of the speed are necessary
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