Which of the following is the pipe network for water supply; in which, a closed ring of main pipes, is formed around/on the periphery of the area to be served?

Option 1 : Circular system.

Explanation:

Dead-end System:

• It is also called a tree system, it consists of one main supply line, from which originates (generally at right angles) a number of sub-main pipes; Each sub-main is then divided into several branch pipes, called laterals
• This type of distribution system is suitable for older towns that have developed in a haphazard manner, without properly planned roads e.g. old cities, irregularly grown cities, etc; It is economical and simple

Gridiron System:

• It is also known as an interlaced system or reticulation system, the mains, sub-mains, and branches are all connected with each other
• There is no dead-end in the system as looping is provided and is most suitable for well-planned cities; There is equal pressure in all pipes and multiple flow path

Radial system:

• If a city or town is having a system of radial roads emerging from different centers, the pipeline can be best laid in a radial method by placing the distribution reservoir at these centers
• The water from the distribution reservoir is then supplied radially to distribution pipes and thus also known as zonal distribution

Ring System or circular system:

• It is also called a circular system.
•  In this system, a closed ring, either circular or rectangular, of the main pipes, is formed around the area to be served.
• The distribution area is divided into rectangular or circular blocks, and the main water pipes are laid on the periphery of the blocks
• This system is very suitable for towns and cities having well-planned roads; It is economical and the pressure at the ends is reasonably equal