Which of the following movement originated from an incident in a remote village called Reni in Garhwal, high-up in the Himalayas during the early 1970s?

Option 1 : The Chipko Andolan

Explanation:

Chipko movement:  

• It is primarily a forest conservation movement.
• It was started in 1970 aimed at protecting trees.
• It was started from Reni village in Garhwal, in the northern Himalayan segment i.e. Uttarakhand.

• Sunderlal Bahuguna is a prominent environmentalist from Garhwali and a member of the Chipko movement.
• The Chipko Andolan (‘Hug the Trees Movement’) was the result of a grassroots-level effort to end the alienation of people from their forests.
• The idea of the Chipko movement was of his wife and he took the action.
• He has been fighting for forest protection in the Himalayas for years, first as a leader of the Chipko movement in the 1970s, and then led the Anti-Tehri Dam campaign from the 1980s until early 2004.
• The Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1987 "for its commitment to conserving, preserving and ecologically sustainable use of the natural resources of India."
• Chipko-type movements date back to 1730 AD when 363 Bishnois sacrificed their lives in the village of Prasanna Khamkar in Rajasthan to save the Khejri trees.

Namami Gange Programme: It was started in 2014.

• Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved by the Government of India.
• It was started with a budget outlay of Rs.20,000 Crore to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation, and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.
• The River Ganga is important not only for its cultural and spiritual significance but also because it hosts more than 40% of the country’s population.

Narmada Bachao Andolan:

• Narmada Bachao Andolan is a social movement led by social activists Medha Patkar and Baba Amte.
• The aim of this movement was to provide project information and legal representation to the affected residents of Narmada valley. 
• This movement initiated by native tribals (Adivasis), farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists.
• The river flows through the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. 
• Sardar Sarovar is the project related to Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Environmental Protection Act:

• Environment Protection Act, 1986 Act of the Parliament of India.
• In the wake of the Bhopal gas Tragedy or Bhopal Disaster, the  enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution.
• Passed in March 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986.