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Option 3 : A, B and C
Explanation:
Earthworm:
- The earthworm is a reddish-brown terrestrial invertebrate.
- They inhabit the upper layer of the moist soil.
- During day time, they live in burrows made by boring and swallowing the soil.
- Earthworms play a vital role in the natural cycle of the earth.
- The Earthworms soften the soil by digging underneath to make tunnels.
- They play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter and fertilising the soil, simply through their constant eating and pooping.
- Earthworms can be used for fishing and compost.
- Worms are important to the ecosystems in which they live and breed.
- They are known as farmers friends as their compost helps in enriching the soil and give bountiful produce.
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Annelida
- Class: Clitellata
- Family: Lumbricidia
Earthworms are useful in several ways for farmers:
- Earthworms make the soil porous by digging burrows in the soil. Hence they are called friends of the farmers.
- The nitrogenous wastes and other waste products of the earthworms form food for plants. This process of increasing the fertility of the soil by earthworms is called vermicomposting.
- Earthworms are used as fish bait to catch fish.
- Some tribals in India use earthworms as medicine to cure jaundice, piles, diarrhoea, bladder stones, etc.
- The earthworms reduce both acidity and alkalinity of the soil and create optimum conditions for plant growth.
- The density of earthworms in the soil is considered to be a good indicator of healthy soil because they increase the soil's water-holding capacity and moisture content.
Thus,
| A. They soften the soil as they keep digging underneath to make tunnels. | Correct |
| B. They eat the dead leaves and plants and their droppings fertilise the soil. | Correct |
| C. They turn the waste into compost. | Correct |
| D. They produce compost which is costlier than the fertilizers made in factories. | Incorrect |
| E. Spraying chemicals (pesticides) does not affect the earthworms. | Incorrect |
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