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Option 4 : 1, 2 and 3

The correct answer 1, 2 and 3.

The Permanent Settlement:

  • Lord Cornwallis under directions from the then British PM, William Pitt, proposed the Permanent Settlement system in 1786. This came into effect in 1793, by the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793.

Ryotwari Settlement System

  • Ryotwari Settlement System was introduced by Thomas Munro.
  • He was appointed as the Governor of Madras in May 1820.
  • The Ryotwari system was extended to the Bombay area.

Mahalwari System

  • In the North-Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822.
  • Under his directions, collectors went from village to village, inspecting the land, measuring the fields, and recording the customs and rights of different groups.
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