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Option 2 : Observational learning
Learning may be defined as a relatively durable change in behavior due to experience. Thus, if the change in behavior is temporary, or due to instinct or maturation, it is not learning. The key feature of learning is experience.
- Any change in behavior in the absence of practice or experience does not qualify as learning.
Observational learning: Observational learning refers to the process of change in the behavior of one person simply by being exposed to another person’s behavior. This second person is known as the model.
- Example: A child watches their parent folding the laundry, Baking cake by understanding the steps from a video or youtube.
Hence we can say that Baking cake by understanding steps from youtube is an observation type of learning because here the learning is based on observing others.
Factors affecting the observational learning are:
- attention
- retention
- motor reproduction
- motivation
- The term classical conditioning is defined as learning by association, whereby a neutral stimulus, by virtue of its occurrence in close time and space with a natural stimulus that gives rise to a natural response, becomes capable of eliciting that natural response, even in absence of the natural stimulus.
- Skinner defined operant conditioning as the process of learning that elicits operant behavior. According to Skinner, there are two types of behaviors, namely respondent behavior, and operant behavior.
- Insight learning refers to the sudden realization of a problem’s solution. Kohler proposed that not all kinds of learning depend on trial-error or conditioning, we use our cognitive processes also to learn. Using cognitive processes we visualize the problem and solution for it internally only. Even though this learning takes place implicitly but the change in the behavior is long-lasting.
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