Which of the following is NOT a concept from language education?

Option 3 : A loop.

Language education/teaching refers to a process whereby a child gains communicative comprehension or fluency over a language. It involves practice by learners where facilitation is provided by a teacher.

 Concepts related to language education:

Silent period​:

• The process of Second Language Acquisition occurs in stages and the silent period which is also known as the preproduction stage is one of them. Here, the learners understand keywords and phrases.
• During the silent period, learners gradually build up their vocabulary to about 500 words without speaking the language but more echoing the language. Listening is more in action as compared to production.

Error analysis​:

• Error analysis refers to understand the error patterns of children so that they can be provided with better learning experiences which will help them in developing a contextual understanding of language learning processes. 
• The teacher has to identify and assess these errors of children to identify the patterns of errors or mistakes that students make in their work so that these can be minimized or removed.

Feedback:

• Feedback refers to the process of providing information to the learners by the teachers to make them aware of their performance, strengths, and weaknesses. It enables learners to rectify their errors.
• Feedback is an essential part of the language-learning process which helps learners to maximize their potential at different levels and guides them to adapt and adjust their diverse learning styles.

Hence, it is clear that loop is NOT a concept from language education.

Hint

• Loop is a curved or round shape made by a line curving round and joining or crossing itself.

Option 3 : brain lesion and control

Language eduaction refers to a process whereby a child gains communicative comprehension or fluency over a language. It involves practice by learners where facilitation is provided by a teacher.

• Language education is very important as the need to communicate with others is a very basic need for every person, learning how to speak a language is a crucial form of behavior for humans. And understanding how humans learn language is easier when we observe behavior rather than inner states of mind or attitudes which we can’t observe.

Concepts related to language education:

Critical Period Hypothesis: Language learning is a process of discovery.

• Second language learning at a later stage, after the critical period, becomes difficult. Therefore, it is often advocated that if a second language is to be taught, it should be introduced at an early age, within the critical period.
• This belief in the superiority of young learners is enshrined in the Critical Period Hypothesis. This hypothesis laims that human beings are best capable of learning their multiple languages between the age of two years and early teens.

Comprehensible Input:

• Language is acquired not when the input is repeated several times, but when that input is understood, when the learner understands what it means and can make use of it.
• One of the researchers in language acquisition(Chmosky) has called it comprehensible input. A learner gets a lot of input from the outside world, but only that input gets acquired which is comprehensible to the learner.

Positive Reinforcement: 

• ​A behaviour that is associated with a positive consequence or desirable outcome in the past will increase the chances of the behaviour to occur again. This is called positive reinforcement.
• For example, Irfan, a teacher in a school, began praising students for submitting language assignments on time. In a couple of weeks, this reinforcement by praise greatly increased on-time assignments.

From the above mentioned points, we can conclude that all the aforementioned concept are from language education except the one which is brain lesion and control.

Hint

•  A lesion is an area of tissue that has been damaged through injury or disease. So a brain lesion is an area of injury or disease within the brain. Brain lesions can be caused by injury, infection, exposure to certain chemicals, problems with the immune system, and more. Typically, their cause is unknown.

Option 2 : wavelength of sound

Language education/teaching refers to a process whereby a child gains communicative comprehension or fluency over a language. It involves practice by learners where facilitation is provided by a teacher.

 Concepts related to language education:

Grammar translation method​:

• Grammar translation is a traditional method through which language is taught with a detailed study of grammar. Learners apply the rule of grammar in translating sentences from their mother tongue to the target language. 
• It explains grammatical rules therefore it gives correct and accurate knowledge of English. This method tries to establish a strong link between new ideas and old ideas and focuses on reading and writing skills.

Error correction​:

• Error correction refers to understand the error patterns of children so that they can be provided with better learning experiences which will help them in developing a contextual understanding of language learning processes. 
• The teacher has to identify and assess these errors of children to identify the patterns of errors or mistakes that students make in their work so that these can be minimized or removed.

First language interference​:

• The positive influence of the first language could be seen in the classroom, but sometimes, it manifests in the form of incorrect pronunciation, and the importance of pronunciation in communication can't be denied.
• It is necessary to minimize the interference/influence of the first language by using it as a support in the English classroom, and it can be done by giving inputs from the target language in a simple & graded manner and using the languages of learners.

Hence, it is clear that the wavelength of sound is NOT a concept from language education.

Hint

• A wave motion is a means of transferring energy from one point to another without any actual transportation of matter between these points. Wavelength is the distance between two nearest particles in the same phase. The wavelength of sound is not directly sensed, but indirect evidence is found in the correlation of the size of musical instruments with their pitch.