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Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

  1. Cyanosis 
  2. Expiratory grunting 
  3. Sternal retractions 
  4. Respiratory rate varying according to the newborn's activity 
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1 Answers

Option 4 : Respiratory rate varying according to the newborn's activity 

Concept:

  • Respiratory distress is a breathing disorder in newborns caused by immature lungs in preterm babies.
  • Respiratory distress usually presents:
    • tachypnea (respiratory rate >60 breaths/minute)
    • nasal flaring (widened nostrils when breathing in)
    • grunting (forced expiratory sound against partially closed glottis)
    • chest retractions either suprasternal, intercostal, subcostal (chest pulls in with each breath, especially around the collarbone and around ribs)
    • cyanosis (pale or bluish skin color around the lips, eyes, hands and feet, especially the nail beds.
  • The causes of respiratory distress are: In premature babies, as a result of surfectant deficiency and underdeveloped lungs.
    • pulmonary ( Hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration, clear fluid aspiration, airway obstruction, transient tachypnea, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypoplasia, bronchopneumonia)
    • Cardiovascular ( congenital heart diseases, heart failure persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn)
    • Noncardiopulmonary (metabolic acidosis, hypo or hyperthermia, hypoglycemia, asphyxia, drugs, birth trauma, intra cranial injury
  • Prevention can be made mainly through preventing premature birth of babies. When a premature birth can't be prevented, corticosteroids should be administered to mother before delivery.
  • Oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation, CPAP are the treatment choice.
  • In respiratory distress, respiratory rate doesn't vary according to the newborn's activity. The newborn will have tachypnea ( increased respiratory rate more than 60 breaths/min).
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Related Questions

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