Which of the following terms, also known as hypersensitivity, is used to describe a condition in which the human body has an exaggerated response to a substance (e.g. food or drug)?

Option 2 : Allergy

The correct answer is Allergy.

• Allergy also known as hypersensitivity, is used to describe a condition in which the human body has an exaggerated response to a substance (e.g. food or drug).
• Hypersensitive (also known as hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) refers to the immune system's unfavourable reactions, such as allergies and autoimmunity.
• These reactions are commonly referred to as an immune system overreaction, and they can be harmful and unpleasant.
• This is an immunologic phrase that should not be confused with the psychiatric term hypersensitivity, which refers to someone who is highly sensitive to physical (sound, touch, light, etc.) and/or emotional stimuli.
• Pollen, moulds, animal dander, latex, certain foods, and insect stings are examples of generally harmless substances that can cause allergies.

• An infection is the infiltration of disease-causing pathogens into an organism's bodily tissues, their multiplication, and the host tissues' reaction to the infectious agents and the toxins they create.
• A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can occur as a result of mistakes in DNA replication during cell division, mutagen exposure, or viral infection.
• People use the term "convulsion" to describe involuntary muscle contractions.