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Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

  1. Spleen
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Pituitary Gland
  4. Islets of Langerhans
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1 Answers

Option 4 : Islets of Langerhans

Concept:

  • The pancreas is a compound (both exocrine and endocrine) elongated organ situated between the limbs of the ‘C’ shaped duodenum.
  • 99% part of the pancreas is exocrine while only 1% part is endocrine
  • The exocrine portion (acini cells) secretes an alkaline pancreatic juice containing enzymes and the endocrine portion i.e. the islets of Langerhans secretes hormones insulin, glucagon & Somatostatin

Explanation:

  • The Islets of Langerhans are the ductless glands present in the pancreas. They form the endocrine portion of the pancreas.
  • The islets of Langerhans have different types of cells like α cells, β cells, and δ-cells the α cells surround the β cells
  • Insulin is secreted by the β cells, while α cells secrete glucagon.
  • Both insulin & glucagon are very important for sugar metabolism.
  • Insulin is released into the bloodstream to lower down blood sugar levels and prevent hyperglycemia.
  • Glucagon is released into the bloodstream to prevent blood sugar levels from dropping too low (hypoglycemia)
  • The hormone somatostatin is secreted by the  δ-cells
  • Thus, the hormones secreted by islets of Langerhans are Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin
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