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  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 2 only
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Option 2 : 2 and 3 only

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.

  • 4th schedule of the Indian Constitution contains the provisions in relation to the allocation of seats for States and Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha.
  • Article 80 of the Constitution says that the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha as 250, out of which 12 members are nominated by the President and 238 are representatives of the States and of the two Union Territories.
  • All States do not have equal representation in the Rajya Sabha. Hence, statement 1 is Not correct.
  • According to Article 3 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament may by law form new States and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing States.  Consent of a State is not required for altering its boundaries. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • India is said to be a Quasi-federal state because:-
    • The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of government as it contains all the usual features of a federation, viz., dual administration, division of powers, written Constitution, the supremacy of Constitution, the rigidity of Constitution, an independent judiciary, and bicameralism.
    • However, the Indian Constitution also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features such as single citizenship, the union has more power than states, etc. Moreover, Article 1 of the Indian Constitution describes India as a ‘Union of States’. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
    • The Supreme Court in Kuldip Nayar v Union of India held that Federalism is a basic feature of the Constitution of India and it is unique in its nature and is tailored according to the specific needs of the country.

  • Federal features of the Constitution-
    • Dual Polity
    • Written Constitution
    • Division of Powers
    • The supremacy of the Constitution
    • Rigid Constitution
    • Independent Judiciary
    • Bicameralism
  • Unitary features of the Constitution-
    • Strong Centre
    • States not Indestructible
    • Single Constitution
    • Flexibility
    • No Equality of state representation
    • Emergency provisions
    • Single citizenship
    • Integrated Judiciary
    • All India Services
    • Integrated Election Machinery
    • Veto over state bills, among others.

 

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