Apologize for the argument, even if you don't feel like you were entirely (or at all) at fault. Don't make excuses for your behavior. If you do this, the adult/teacher will respect you for your maturity.
If other students are struggling too, you might form a study group with them, and figure out together what your teacher is saying. You could go as a group to...
Normally what I do is tilt my head downward so that there's a shadow over my eyes, and either smile or make wide eyes (not too wide, just wide enough...
It really comes down to empathy for yourself and for that other person. At the end of the day, this person has their own issues to work out. What you...