You have to divide your real measurement to the model. For example, if your real measurement is 5m and your model is 20cm, divide 5/20 =1/4 and that means the ratio would be 1:4.
It varies, depending on the hat. The snaps on the back adjust to your head, so its pretty much a "one size fits all" thing. The actual dimensions can vary.
14" x 36" x 27". Well, that's an approximation without counting the lever arm's extra piece that sticks off. The added 2" to the 12" piece is counting the width...