You state your thesis at the beginning, usually at the end of the introductory paragraph. You restate your thesis (in one or two sentences) at the end, typically at the beginning of your conclusion.
Generally, it's the last, but your conclusion SHOULD NOT be a rehash of your thesis, though that is a good start. You should state why anything you've written matters, and...
Each process essay will require a different thesis depending on your particular topic or task. To develop your thesis, try to think about the central problem that you are trying...
A typical thesis statement is not a question. Often it is the answer to a question or prompt, in fact! However, you can consult an expert or a teacher, as...
This might be part of your thesis statement. You will want to make a statement as your thesis or claim -- so if you are answering a question you have...
They are all fine, and saying which one is best is a purely subjective. I'd go for "by the end" because it's short. "By the end" means you will have...