The PUK code is written on the starter card. Written badly 10 times blocks the SIM card completely. The only way is to contact your operator if the SIM card is registered.
It is very easy to transfer contacts from one Apple device to another. You just need to turn on Contact Sync in Settings -> iCloud -> Storage and Backup. Make...
This must mean your phone is locked to your previous phone carrier. Ask the carrier to unlock it for you, or simply get a new unlocked/locked to your new carrier's...
Either insert another SIM card and you will get a message prompting you to enter a NUC (network unlock code) or you will need to Google your carrier/manufacturer's USSD hash...