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What type of fallacy is implied in the following "Fire is cold, because it is a substance"

What type of fallacy is implied in the following "Fire is cold, because it is a substance" Correct Answer Badhita

"Fire is cold because it is a substance" - Badhita fallacy is implied in this case.

Fallacy (hetvabhasha):

  • It is a middle term or appears to a reason but not a valid reason.
  • There are five fallacies lead by the violation in fallacies of inference. These are
    1. Savyabhichara
    2. Viruddha
    3. Satpratipaksha
    4. Asiddha
    5. Badhita
Fallacy Definition Example

Savyabhichara

 A middle term not uniformly but irregularly related to the major term. It is a defective hetu.

All bipeds are dogs.

Birds are biped. 

therefore, birds are dogs. 

Viruddha

 It is a contradictory middle. It offered to the existence of Sadhya but actually establishes the non-existence of Sadhya. Sound is eternal because it is produced.

Satpratipaksha

 It is inferentially contradicted middle. When the hetu is advanced to establish a particular Sadhya in inference is validly contradicted by another Hetu that proves the non-existence of Sadhya of the first inference. Sound is eternal because it is audible

Asiddha

 It is the unproved middle. It is not yet proven but needs to be proved. Dog tests better because dog has a strong ability to test like a human.

Badhita

 Non-inferential contradicted middle. The middle term is contradicted by a strong perception or testimony. Fire is cold because it is a substance.

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