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Separation of flow occurs when pressure gradient:

Separation of flow occurs when pressure gradient: Correct Answer Changes abruptly

Explanation:

  • Flow separation occurs when the boundary layer travels far enough against an adverse pressure gradient that the speed of the boundary layer relative to the object falls almost to zero
  • It has been observed that the flow is reversed in the vicinity of the wall under certain conditions

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  • A favorable pressure gradient is one in which the pressure decreases in the flow direction (i.e., dp/dx < 0)
  • It tends to overcome the slowing of fluid particles caused by friction in the boundary layer
  • This pressure gradient arises when the freestream velocity U is increasing with x, for example, in the converging flow field in a nozzle
  • On the other hand, an adverse pressure gradient is one in which pressure increases in the flow direction (i.e., dp/dx > 0)
  • It will cause fluid particles in the boundary-layer to slow down at a greater rate than that due to boundary-layer friction alone
  • If the adverse pressure gradient is severe enough, the fluid particles in the boundary layer will actually be brought to rest
  • When this occurs, the particles will be forced away from the body surface (a phenomenon called flow separation) as they make room for following particles, ultimately leading to a wake in which flow is turbulent

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