Which of the following are characteristics/properties of permanent hardness in water? (A) Presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium (B) Presence of sulphates of calcium and magnesium (C) Forms good lather when comes in contact with soap (D) Presence of chloride of calcium and magnesium (E) Can be removed by boiling the water Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following are characteristics/properties of permanent hardness in water? (A) Presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium (B) Presence of sulphates of calcium and magnesium (C) Forms good lather when comes in contact with soap (D) Presence of chloride of calcium and magnesium (E) Can be removed by boiling the water Choose the correct answer from the options given below : Correct Answer (B) and (D) only

Hardness is the property of water on account of which it consumes soap without forming lather freely.

Water is of two types namely-

  • Hard water: Water that contains a high amount of dissolved minerals or ions such as calcium, magnesium, etc.
  • Soft water: Soft water is surface water that contains a very low concentration of ions or minerals, e.g., Rainwater and distilled water.

The hardness of water is due to the chlorides, sulfates bicarbonates of calcium, and magnesium in it.

Important Points Types of the hardness of water are:

  • Temporary hardness
  • Permanent hardness

Permanent hardness:

  • Permanent hardness is due to the presence of calcium and magnesium chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates.
  • It cannot be removed by boiling. That's why it is known as permanent hardness.
  • To remove permanent hardness, hard water is treated with washing soda (Na2CO3).

Therefore the answer is the presence of sulfates of calcium and magnesium and the presence of chloride of calcium and magnesium.

Related Questions

Assertion (A) : Synthetic detergents can lather when in hard water.Reason (R) : Synthetic detergents form soluble calcium and magnesium salts with hard water.
Assertion (A) : Synthetic detergents can lather when in hard water.
Reason (R) : Synthetic detergents form soluble calcium and magnesium salts with hard water.
Assertion (A) Synthetic detergents can lather well in hard water.
Reason (R) Synthetic detergents form soluble calcium and magnesium salts with hard water.