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Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R  Assertion A: A proposition is a statement about observable phenomena (concepts) that may be judged as true or false.  Reason R: When a proposition is formulated for empirical testing, it is called a hypothesis.  In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R  Assertion A: A proposition is a statement about observable phenomena (concepts) that may be judged as true or false.  Reason R: When a proposition is formulated for empirical testing, it is called a hypothesis.  In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below  Correct Answer Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

A proposition is a statement that expresses an idea in a declarative manner. 

Key Points

Assertion A: A proposition is a statement about observable phenomena (concepts) that may be judged as true or false. 

  • A proposition is a declarative statement that expresses a tentative and conjectural link between constructs.
  • This declarative statement does not have to be true, but it must be empirically tested with evidence in order for us to determine if it is true or false.
  • The majority of propositions are derived from logic (deduction) or actual data (induction)

Hence, the Assertion is Correct. 

Reason R: When a proposition is formulated for empirical testing, it is called a hypothesis. 

  • Hypotheses are empirical formulations of concepts expressed as relationships between variables.
  • Hypotheses can be empirically tested using observable facts, and if they are not supported by empirical observations, they can be discarded. The purpose of hypothesis testing is, of course, to determine whether the matching assertion is true.

So, the Reason is also Correct and explains the assertion. 

Therefore, Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 

 Important Points

  • A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research problem that can be tested by empirical data. 
  • Scientific hypotheses should clearly specify independent and dependent variables.
  • For example, a study designed to look at the relationship between sleep deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that states, "This study is designed to assess the hypothesis that sleep-deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleep-deprived."

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