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Why surge tanks are used in a hydroelectric power system?

Why surge tanks are used in a hydroelectric power system? Correct Answer For the protection of penstock

A surge tank (or surge chamber) is a device introduced within a hydropower water conveyance system having a rather long pressure conduit to absorb the excess pressure rise in case of a sudden valve closure.

It also acts as a small storage from which water may be supplied in case of a sudden valve opening of the

turbine. In case of a sudden opening of turbine valve, there are chances of penstock collapse due to a negative pressure generation. If there is no surge tank.

Surge tanks are usually provided in high or medium - head plants when there is a considerable distance between the water source and the power unit, necessitating a long penstock.

The main functions of the surge tank are:

1. When the load decreases, the water moves backwards and gets stored in it.

2. When the load increases, an additional supply of water will be provided by the surge tank.

3. Surge tanks are used in hydroelectric power system for the protection of penstock.

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